An internal organ or bodily component protrudes via a weakness in the muscle or surrounding tissue wall, which is the simplest definition of a hernia. Hips and the chest are two areas where hernias can form. The stomach, navel, or groin area may develop an unnatural lump or swelling, and moving that body part may cause pain or discomfort. Coughing or other unintentional movements might cause a hernia to become painful. When you're lying down, you may push this lump back; once you're standing up, it will return and be noticeable.

There are different types of hernia:

Inguinal hernia

Commonly occurs in men. Here, the fatty tissue or part of the large intestine can protrude through the defect in the groin region or in the inner thigh.

Femoral hernia

This affects women than men, usually older women. Fatty tissue or part of the bowel can also strain through the groin or the top of the thigh.

Umbilical hernia

This can occur both in babies and adults. The protrusion is seen at the navel.

Hiatal hernia

Part of the stomach can push through an opening in the diaphragm (up in the chest cavity). This usually does not have any visible symptoms.

Hernias do not heal on their own. It's essential to treat a hernia immediately to avoid prolonged discomfort and to continue living a seamless everyday life.

There are different types of surgical routes to treat hernia they are herniorrhaphy and hernioplasty. While herniorrhaphy (tension repair) is the traditional method of treating a hernia where the surgeon creates an incision to access the affected area, they then put the displaced organ or tissue back in place, remove the hernia sac, and suture the wound closed.

Hernioplasty means the prefix "hernio "is a combining form representing hernia, while "plasty" stands for restoring or repairing.

Hernioplasty also has the surgeon follow similar steps either with a traditional incision or a laparoscopically. However, the difference here is that a supportive synthetic sterile mesh or patch made of polypropylene or animal tissue is introduced on the healthy, surrounding tissues.

The success rate of this surgery is quite high, and the recurrence of a hernia is almost 1 percent. According to Harvard Health Publishing, the recurrence of hernias in children is smaller than in adults after hernia repair surgery.

Open or laparoscopic surgery can be done because the chances of recurrence are similar. The only difference is that the latter has less post-operative pain and trauma.

A hernioplasty is only done when the surgeon feels the tissues surrounding the affected area are not strong enough to allow effective repair over time. So, they may begin with a herniorrhaphy and then, upon further assessment, may decide to go for a hernioplasty.

If surgery is on the cards, your doctor must thoroughly assess before the treatment to verify if you have a hernia. Inform them if you smoke, have a history of blood clots, or take blood thinners or other medication.

Usually, as you approach the time of surgery, you will be administered either a local, spinal (epidural), or general anesthetic. Then the area that will be operated upon will be shaved. Following this, the surgery will take place. The entire process should last about 45 minutes to an hour.

Patients can usually go back the same day unless the doctor feels otherwise.

A hernia repair surgery is quite common, but with any operation that requires anesthesia, there are always risks and complications of:

Pregnant women or people who are overweight, obese, smokers, have high blood pressure, and older adults are susceptible to complications and risks of surgeries.

Recovery from a hernioplasty can depend on the severity of your condition, your co-morbidities, and how the actual procedure went. With minimally invasive surgeries, patients can usually go home the same day because there is less post-operative pain and trauma. There are some cases of hernia repair surgery for patients who may be asked to stay overnight at the hospital.

Discomfort is the after-effect of any major surgery, including a hernioplasty. The doctor will usually prescribe an over-the-counter pain med for this. Besides this, you will be asked to refrain from indulging in any major activity like going to the gym, lifting heavy weights, or participating in any sports. Rest will be encouraged because it is the major contributor to patient wellness.

Hernias should not be ignored since, unlike haemorrhoids, they do not go away on their own or absorb into the skin. If you are in constant pain or discomfort, it is essential to speak with a medical professional.